Monday, 7 September 2015

Pelvic inflammatory disease

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?
It is an infectious disease that is mainly due to the passage of germs into the female internal reproductive tract via the vagina. Rarely germ reaches the uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries through the blood stream.
Pathogens cause infection in the vagina, mainly in the fallopian tubes, rarely in the ovaries, producing a localized pelviperitonitis box.
How pelvic inflammation occurs?
In some cases, they are the result of abortions not performed in the best aseptic conditions. It can also occur during childbirth or tampering with instruments genital tract: laparoscopy , hysteroscopy, hysterosalpingography ...
It may occur after initiation of sexual intercourse with a new partner when it carries any pathogen that through the sexual route may cause these infections that sex always maintained without condom . This is a very appropriate preventive contraception for sexually transmitted diseases , and therefore of pelvic inflammatory diseases.
Sometimes the causes are unknown.
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See our 'section Women's Health 'all sorts of articles related to gynecology.
What are the symptoms?
  • It can cause pain in one or both sides of the lower abdomen.
  • It can cause fever and malaise.
  • The infection can be accompanied by menstrual disturbances and strong pain accompanying them, and sometimes smelly vaginal discharge (purulent vaginal discharge).
  • Sometimes the clinical symptoms are hidden, almost asymptomatic tables being diagnosed only by findings ultrasound within a routine, or sterility study is carried out at a woman who can not have children. Pelvic main diseases affecting the fallopian greatly limit the reproductive capacity of women.
How the diagnosis is made?
The existence of a suspected pelvic inflammatory disease when the two-hand touch the gynecologist detects leucorrea, pressure pain in adnexal areas (tubes and ovaries) or even a mass in one of the iliac fossa.
The blood is another tool for detecting signs of infection: leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate of the blood, increase in neutrophils ...
Gynecologic ultrasound, and more specifically the transvaginal study is the diagnostic test (for the most useful picture) to the study of this disease.
They should sample of vaginal fluid and endocervix in order to identify the organism causing the infection, and thus make a more specific antibiotic treatment; in Spain, most pelvic inflammatory diseases are caused by chlamydia .
How is it treated?
An antibiotic is usually prescribed and the patient is advised to rest at home. When symptoms and laboratory findings so require, it is mandatory hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics for at least 48-72 hours before moving on to the oral or intramuscular route; It should further administer anti-inflammatory and antipyretic times. The acute illness usually subsides within a few days, giving discomfort.
When this is not the case, you must think of a poor outcome of the box with a recurrence or worsening, which leads sometimes to the need for surgical treatment. It is very important when the germ is found to treat also of the couple, as it may be secondary to sexual transmission.
Have complications may occur from pelvic inflammatory disease?
When the response is good to antibiotic treatment, further developments will be too. Sometimes real pus abscesses form in the fallopian tubes that are difficult to treat medically; often they evolve toward the formation of clusters liquid inside the tubes, aseptic (germ), called hydrosalpinx, leaving the functionality of the tubes greatly reduced because these injuries hinder the passage of the fertilized egg through them , favoring the emergence of ectopic pregnancies, and even sterility of tubal origin.
When treatment is not adequate, and in other cases in spite of this, the disease can become chronic. If this occurs, formation fluid collections of pus or fluid (pyosalpinx or hydrosalpinx) requiring surgery for removal of the genital areas that are affected.

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